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Bank statement · composite scenario

1099 designer · 2 yrs · 720 · bank-statement

Composite educational scenario. Composite scenario for education — not a real client, transaction, or testimonial. Bank-statement expense factors, rates, and approvals vary by lender, account type, and documentation.
Borrower1099 freelance graphic designer
Self-employed2 years
Credit720
Program24-month business bank-statement loan
Price$385,000 (illustrative)
Down payment20%
StateTX
OutcomeApproved

The scenario

This designer earned roughly $145,000 a year in deposits but, after writing off software, a home studio, equipment, travel, and a SEP-IRA, showed about $74,000 in net profit on Schedule C. On a conventional loan, that $74,000 — not the $145,000 — would have been the qualifying number, and it wasn't enough for the home they wanted in their market.

Instead of restructuring two years of taxes, they used a 24-month business bank-statement program. The lender averaged their business deposits and applied a 50% expense factor, which a CPA letter later lowered to 45%. The deposit-based qualifying income came out far above the Schedule C figure, and with a 720 score and 20% down, the file cleared underwriting cleanly.

What made it work

  • 24 months of clean business-account deposits, few unexplained transfers
  • 720 credit score put them in a strong pricing tier
  • CPA letter lowered the expense factor from 50% to 45%
  • 20% down reduced the loan-to-value and the rate

Lessons you can use

Deposits, not net profit, drove the approval

The single most important move was matching the loan type to the income type. A bank-statement program reads what actually hit the account, so the write-offs that suppressed Schedule C income didn't reduce qualifying income at all. For a borrower whose deposits dwarf their net profit, this is often the difference between a denial and an approval.

The CPA letter paid for itself

Dropping the expense factor from 50% to 45% raised qualifying income by roughly 10% on the same deposits. A one-page CPA letter certifying the real business-expense percentage is one of the cheapest pieces of leverage available — it cost a few hundred dollars and meaningfully increased the loan amount.

Clean deposit history matters as much as the total

Underwriters scrutinize large or irregular deposits. Keeping business income flowing through a dedicated business account, and avoiding random transfers, made the 24-month history easy to document. Borrowers who commingle personal and business funds often spend weeks sourcing deposits that a clean account avoids entirely.

Your next step

If this scenario rhymes with your situation, start with Bank statement loans, explained for the full picture, then run your own numbers with the Bank statement income estimator. Every real application is different — use these scenarios to learn the patterns, then confirm specifics with a licensed loan officer.

This profile is a composite educational scenario created by Mortgage Merlin editorial staff — not a real person, transaction, or testimonial. Figures are illustrative and not a quote, pre-approval, or offer of credit. Mortgage Merlin is a publisher, not a lender or broker.

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