🔔 New: the 1099 & freelance mortgage guide is live — qualify without W‑2s.Read the 1099 mortgage guide →
Mortgage Merlin
Income & qualification

Schedule C

The IRS form where sole proprietors and single-member LLCs report business income and expenses. Conventional lenders use the net profit figure from Schedule C to determine qualifying income for self-employed borrowers. High deductions reduce Schedule C net income significantly — which is the primary reason self-employed borrowers turn to non-QM programs.

How does this affect your loan? Estimate self-employed qualifying income with the DTI calculator, or read the self-employed mortgage guide.

Related terms

  • Net incomeIncome after all business deductions. On a tax return, this is Schedule C net profit. It’s the number conventi
  • Form 1084Fannie Mae’s self-employed income analysis worksheet. Lenders use it to standardize how they calculate qualify
  • 2-year averageHow conventional lenders handle self-employed income variability: they average qualifying income across the tw
  • Depreciation add-backDepreciation is a non-cash expense — it reduces Schedule C net income without representing real money leaving
  • Rising income / declining incomeIncome trend affects how lenders apply the two-year average. Rising income (year 2 higher than year 1) is favo

← Back to the full mortgage glossary

Sources

Educational definition only — not financial, legal, or tax advice. Programs and limits change; verify current terms with a licensed professional.