🔔 New: the 1099 & freelance mortgage guide is live — qualify without W-2s.Read the 1099 mortgage guide →
Mortgage Merlin
Loan types · Q&A

Do bank statement loans use business or personal bank statements?

Short answer: Either, and the choice changes your qualifying income. Personal statements (with business income deposited to them) are often credited at or near 100% of deposits. Business statements get an expense factor — commonly 40–60% of deposits are assumed to be expenses — unless a CPA letter or P&L supports a lower one.

The full answer

Bank statement lenders reconstruct your income from 12–24 months of deposits, and the account type sets the starting arithmetic. Deposits into a personal account are treated mostly as yours; business bank statements are discounted by an expense factor because some of that money runs the business.

Expense factors are program-specific: 50% is a common default, service businesses with thin overhead may get 30–40% with a CPA letter attesting to actual expense ratios, and inventory-heavy businesses can be assessed higher. The same $400,000 of business deposits might yield $200,000 qualifying income at one lender's default and $260,000 with a documented 35% factor — worth shopping.

Practical hygiene decides these files: keep business and personal money separated, avoid large unexplained transfers between your own accounts being double-counted, and expect the lender to exclude non-business deposits (refunds, transfers, gifts). Estimate your own numbers with our bank statement income estimator before a lender does.

If this came up, these usually do too — the short answer to each, with a link to the full breakdown:

Sources

Educational information only — not financial advice, and not a quote, pre-approval, or offer of credit. Program rules and ranges are illustrative and vary by lender. Mortgage Merlin is a publisher, not a lender or broker.

Keep exploring