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Mortgage Merlin
1099 / corp-to-corp · profession guide

Mortgages for software engineers & it contractors

Independent software and IT contractors often out-earn the salaried employees sitting next to them, then get denied for the same house. The reason isn't the money — it's the structure. Contract income arrives as 1099, corp-to-corp through an LLC or S-corp, or a mix with equity, and conventional underwriting discounts every one of those the moment it can't see a steady W-2.

The paradox is that contractors have cleaner documentation than almost any self-employed borrower — signed statements of work, corp-to-corp invoices, and predictable monthly deposits. The job is matching that paper trail to a loan program that reads it, instead of one built for a salaried employee.

How lenders see a software contractor’s income

On a conventional loan, a lender wants two years of history and averages your net — Schedule C net profit if you're a sole proprietor, or your W-2 salary plus K-1 distributions if you run an S-corp. That last structure is where high earners get burned: contractors who pay themselves a low S-corp salary to minimize payroll tax hand the underwriter a small salary number, and lenders are cautious about counting distributions without two years of consistency. A $220,000 corp-to-corp contractor can present as a $90,000 borrower on paper.

The core issue: lenders qualify you on the income you can document, not the money you feel you earn. For a software contractor, the gap between the two is usually the whole challenge — and the right loan is the one that reads your real cash flow. Estimate your self-employed qualifying income with the DTI calculator and size a purchase with the affordability calculator.

What to document

Underwriters reviewing a software contractor typically want:

  • Two years of personal federal tax returns (plus business returns if you file an 1120-S or 1065)
  • Corp-to-corp invoices or 1099-NEC forms from each client
  • Signed statements of work or active contracts showing continuity
  • Year-to-date profit-and-loss statement for your LLC or S-corp
  • Business bank statements showing the deposit pattern (for bank statement programs)

Add-backs that commonly apply

These are paper or non-recurring expenses a lender can add back to your net income — raising your qualifying figure without changing your tax return:

  • Depreciation on computers, servers, and home-office equipment (a paper expense)
  • Home-office deduction — a square-footage write-off, not cash out the door
  • One-time hardware or software purchases you can document as non-recurring
  • Business-use-of-vehicle depreciation for on-site contract work

Which add-backs a given lender allows varies. Bring your depreciation schedule and a CPA who can speak to your numbers. See how deductions cut both ways in the write-offs deep dive.

Best-fit loan for a software contractor

Bank statement loanCorp-to-corp and 1099 deposits land in your account on a predictable monthly cadence regardless of how you split salary versus distributions. A bank statement program qualifies you on 12–24 months of deposits after an expense factor, sidestepping the low-S-corp-salary problem entirely.

Worth comparing against:

  • 1099 income programIf your income is clean 1099-NEC from one or two clients, some lenders qualify directly off the 1099 totals with a fixed expense ratio — less paperwork than a full bank-statement analysis.
  • Conventional loanStill the cheapest rate if you've paid yourself a reasonable S-corp salary for two years and your net (salary plus documentable distributions) clears the DTI. Run it first.

Not sure which fits? The 5-question loan quiz and the side-by-side loan comparison narrow it down.

The pitfall to avoid: the low-salary s-corp trap

The low-salary S-corp trap. Accountants tell S-corp owners to keep the W-2 salary low and take the rest as distributions — great for payroll tax, quietly ruinous for a mortgage. Lenders lead with your salary line and only add distributions when two years show they're consistent and the business can sustain them. If you know you'll buy in the next two years, either raise your reasonable-compensation salary ahead of time or plan on a bank statement loan that reads total deposits instead of your salary line.

How to prepare

  • Decide your loan path before your accountant finalizes two years of returns — the salary/distribution split that saves the most tax often costs you the most buying power.
  • Keep corp-to-corp deposits flowing through one clean business account so a bank statement underwriter can read them without chasing inter-account transfers.
  • Hold your contracts and statements of work; continuity of the income stream is what lets a lender project it forward.
  • Don't let a between-contracts gap sit unexplained — a short bench period is normal, but document the next signed SOW so it doesn't read as lost income.

FAQ

Almost always the income structure, not the amount. If you run an S-corp on a low salary, the lender sees the small W-2 number first and is slow to count distributions. If you're a sole proprietor, write-offs cut your Schedule C net. A bank statement or 1099 program that reads deposits usually fixes it.

Sometimes. Vested, regularly-granted RSUs from a W-2 employer can count with a two-year history and evidence the grants continue — but many contractors' equity is illiquid startup stock that lenders won't count at all. Treat contract cash flow, not equity, as the income that qualifies you.

For conventional, generally no — two years of self-employment history is standard, though prior W-2 work in the same field can sometimes bridge a one-year track record. Non-QM bank statement programs are more flexible on history.

Educational information only — not financial advice, and not a quote, pre-approval, or offer of credit. Rates and ranges are illustrative. Mortgage Merlin is a publisher, not a lender or broker.

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